commit f1f6beef09a1cfcad9f2760d267435748806ea4f
parent 2db9198e393fd1753e84b75b4fb741965dd7836c
Author: Andrew <andrewlaack1@gmail.com>
Date: Sun, 9 Jun 2024 20:01:49 -0500
added voting classifier using soft voting and also added out of bag prediction with bagging decision tree ensemble (random forest).
Diffstat:
1 file changed, 1537 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
diff --git a/moonsClassification/votingClassifier.ipynb b/moonsClassification/votingClassifier.ipynb
@@ -0,0 +1,1537 @@
+{
+ "cells": [
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": 42,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [],
+ "source": [
+ "from sklearn.datasets import make_moons\n",
+ "from sklearn.ensemble import RandomForestClassifier, VotingClassifier\n",
+ "from sklearn.linear_model import LogisticRegression\n",
+ "from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split\n",
+ "from sklearn.svm import SVC\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Train many classifiers of different types to create an ensemble.\n",
+ "# This is done so that errors caused by one type of model should, in theory\n",
+ "# be offset by other models.\n",
+ "\n",
+ "X,y = make_moons(n_samples=500, noise=.3, random_state=42)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "X_train,X_test,y_train,y_test = train_test_split(X,y,random_state=42)"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": 43,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "data": {
+ "text/html": [
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+ " display: block;\n",
+ "}\n",
+ "\n",
+ "/* \"?\"-specific style due to the `<a>` HTML tag */\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#sk-container-id-8 a.estimator_doc_link {\n",
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+ " line-height: 1em;\n",
+ " font-family: monospace;\n",
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+ " border-radius: 1rem;\n",
+ " height: 1rem;\n",
+ " width: 1rem;\n",
+ " text-decoration: none;\n",
+ " /* unfitted */\n",
+ " color: var(--sklearn-color-unfitted-level-1);\n",
+ " border: var(--sklearn-color-unfitted-level-1) 1pt solid;\n",
+ "}\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#sk-container-id-8 a.estimator_doc_link.fitted {\n",
+ " /* fitted */\n",
+ " border: var(--sklearn-color-fitted-level-1) 1pt solid;\n",
+ " color: var(--sklearn-color-fitted-level-1);\n",
+ "}\n",
+ "\n",
+ "/* On hover */\n",
+ "#sk-container-id-8 a.estimator_doc_link:hover {\n",
+ " /* unfitted */\n",
+ " background-color: var(--sklearn-color-unfitted-level-3);\n",
+ " color: var(--sklearn-color-background);\n",
+ " text-decoration: none;\n",
+ "}\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#sk-container-id-8 a.estimator_doc_link.fitted:hover {\n",
+ " /* fitted */\n",
+ " background-color: var(--sklearn-color-fitted-level-3);\n",
+ "}\n",
+ "</style><div id=\"sk-container-id-8\" class=\"sk-top-container\"><div class=\"sk-text-repr-fallback\"><pre>VotingClassifier(estimators=[('lr', LogisticRegression(random_state=42)),\n",
+ " ('rf', RandomForestClassifier(random_state=42)),\n",
+ " ('svc', SVC(random_state=42))])</pre><b>In a Jupyter environment, please rerun this cell to show the HTML representation or trust the notebook. <br />On GitHub, the HTML representation is unable to render, please try loading this page with nbviewer.org.</b></div><div class=\"sk-container\" hidden><div class=\"sk-item sk-dashed-wrapped\"><div class=\"sk-label-container\"><div class=\"sk-label fitted sk-toggleable\"><input class=\"sk-toggleable__control sk-hidden--visually\" id=\"sk-estimator-id-28\" type=\"checkbox\" ><label for=\"sk-estimator-id-28\" class=\"sk-toggleable__label fitted sk-toggleable__label-arrow fitted\"> VotingClassifier<a class=\"sk-estimator-doc-link fitted\" rel=\"noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://scikit-learn.org/1.4/modules/generated/sklearn.ensemble.VotingClassifier.html\">?<span>Documentation for VotingClassifier</span></a><span class=\"sk-estimator-doc-link fitted\">i<span>Fitted</span></span></label><div class=\"sk-toggleable__content fitted\"><pre>VotingClassifier(estimators=[('lr', LogisticRegression(random_state=42)),\n",
+ " ('rf', RandomForestClassifier(random_state=42)),\n",
+ " ('svc', SVC(random_state=42))])</pre></div> </div></div><div class=\"sk-parallel\"><div class=\"sk-parallel-item\"><div class=\"sk-item\"><div class=\"sk-label-container\"><div class=\"sk-label fitted sk-toggleable\"><label>lr</label></div></div><div class=\"sk-serial\"><div class=\"sk-item\"><div class=\"sk-estimator fitted sk-toggleable\"><input class=\"sk-toggleable__control sk-hidden--visually\" id=\"sk-estimator-id-29\" type=\"checkbox\" ><label for=\"sk-estimator-id-29\" class=\"sk-toggleable__label fitted sk-toggleable__label-arrow fitted\"> LogisticRegression<a class=\"sk-estimator-doc-link fitted\" rel=\"noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://scikit-learn.org/1.4/modules/generated/sklearn.linear_model.LogisticRegression.html\">?<span>Documentation for LogisticRegression</span></a></label><div class=\"sk-toggleable__content fitted\"><pre>LogisticRegression(random_state=42)</pre></div> </div></div></div></div></div><div class=\"sk-parallel-item\"><div class=\"sk-item\"><div class=\"sk-label-container\"><div class=\"sk-label fitted sk-toggleable\"><label>rf</label></div></div><div class=\"sk-serial\"><div class=\"sk-item\"><div class=\"sk-estimator fitted sk-toggleable\"><input class=\"sk-toggleable__control sk-hidden--visually\" id=\"sk-estimator-id-30\" type=\"checkbox\" ><label for=\"sk-estimator-id-30\" class=\"sk-toggleable__label fitted sk-toggleable__label-arrow fitted\"> RandomForestClassifier<a class=\"sk-estimator-doc-link fitted\" rel=\"noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://scikit-learn.org/1.4/modules/generated/sklearn.ensemble.RandomForestClassifier.html\">?<span>Documentation for RandomForestClassifier</span></a></label><div class=\"sk-toggleable__content fitted\"><pre>RandomForestClassifier(random_state=42)</pre></div> </div></div></div></div></div><div class=\"sk-parallel-item\"><div class=\"sk-item\"><div class=\"sk-label-container\"><div class=\"sk-label fitted sk-toggleable\"><label>svc</label></div></div><div class=\"sk-serial\"><div class=\"sk-item\"><div class=\"sk-estimator fitted sk-toggleable\"><input class=\"sk-toggleable__control sk-hidden--visually\" id=\"sk-estimator-id-31\" type=\"checkbox\" ><label for=\"sk-estimator-id-31\" class=\"sk-toggleable__label fitted sk-toggleable__label-arrow fitted\"> SVC<a class=\"sk-estimator-doc-link fitted\" rel=\"noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://scikit-learn.org/1.4/modules/generated/sklearn.svm.SVC.html\">?<span>Documentation for SVC</span></a></label><div class=\"sk-toggleable__content fitted\"><pre>SVC(random_state=42)</pre></div> </div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div>"
+ ],
+ "text/plain": [
+ "VotingClassifier(estimators=[('lr', LogisticRegression(random_state=42)),\n",
+ " ('rf', RandomForestClassifier(random_state=42)),\n",
+ " ('svc', SVC(random_state=42))])"
+ ]
+ },
+ "execution_count": 43,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "output_type": "execute_result"
+ }
+ ],
+ "source": [
+ "voting_clf = VotingClassifier(\n",
+ " estimators=[\n",
+ " ('lr' , LogisticRegression(random_state=42)),\n",
+ " ('rf',RandomForestClassifier(random_state=42)),\n",
+ " ('svc', SVC(random_state=42))\n",
+ " ]\n",
+ ")\n",
+ "\n",
+ "voting_clf.fit(X_train,y_train)"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": 44,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "name": "stdout",
+ "output_type": "stream",
+ "text": [
+ "lr = 0.864\n",
+ "rf = 0.896\n",
+ "svc = 0.896\n"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "source": [
+ "for name, clf in voting_clf.named_estimators_.items():\n",
+ " print(name, '=', clf.score(X_test,y_test))"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": 45,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "data": {
+ "text/plain": [
+ "array([1])"
+ ]
+ },
+ "execution_count": 45,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "output_type": "execute_result"
+ }
+ ],
+ "source": [
+ "voting_clf.predict(X_test[:1])"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": 46,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "data": {
+ "text/plain": [
+ "[array([1]), array([1]), array([0])]"
+ ]
+ },
+ "execution_count": 46,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "output_type": "execute_result"
+ }
+ ],
+ "source": [
+ "[clf.predict(X_test[:1]) for clf in voting_clf.estimators_]"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": 47,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "data": {
+ "text/plain": [
+ "0.912"
+ ]
+ },
+ "execution_count": 47,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "output_type": "execute_result"
+ }
+ ],
+ "source": [
+ "voting_clf.score(X_test,y_test)"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": 48,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "data": {
+ "text/html": [
+ "<style>#sk-container-id-9 {\n",
+ " /* Definition of color scheme common for light and dark mode */\n",
+ " --sklearn-color-text: black;\n",
+ " --sklearn-color-line: gray;\n",
+ " /* Definition of color scheme for unfitted estimators */\n",
+ " --sklearn-color-unfitted-level-0: #fff5e6;\n",
+ " --sklearn-color-unfitted-level-1: #f6e4d2;\n",
+ " --sklearn-color-unfitted-level-2: #ffe0b3;\n",
+ " --sklearn-color-unfitted-level-3: chocolate;\n",
+ " /* Definition of color scheme for fitted estimators */\n",
+ " --sklearn-color-fitted-level-0: #f0f8ff;\n",
+ " --sklearn-color-fitted-level-1: #d4ebff;\n",
+ " --sklearn-color-fitted-level-2: #b3dbfd;\n",
+ " --sklearn-color-fitted-level-3: cornflowerblue;\n",
+ "\n",
+ " /* Specific color for light theme */\n",
+ " --sklearn-color-text-on-default-background: var(--sg-text-color, var(--theme-code-foreground, var(--jp-content-font-color1, black)));\n",
+ " --sklearn-color-background: var(--sg-background-color, var(--theme-background, var(--jp-layout-color0, white)));\n",
+ " --sklearn-color-border-box: var(--sg-text-color, var(--theme-code-foreground, var(--jp-content-font-color1, black)));\n",
+ " --sklearn-color-icon: #696969;\n",
+ "\n",
+ " @media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {\n",
+ " /* Redefinition of color scheme for dark theme */\n",
+ " --sklearn-color-text-on-default-background: var(--sg-text-color, var(--theme-code-foreground, var(--jp-content-font-color1, white)));\n",
+ " --sklearn-color-background: var(--sg-background-color, var(--theme-background, var(--jp-layout-color0, #111)));\n",
+ " --sklearn-color-border-box: var(--sg-text-color, var(--theme-code-foreground, var(--jp-content-font-color1, white)));\n",
+ " --sklearn-color-icon: #878787;\n",
+ " }\n",
+ "}\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#sk-container-id-9 {\n",
+ " color: var(--sklearn-color-text);\n",
+ "}\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#sk-container-id-9 pre {\n",
+ " padding: 0;\n",
+ "}\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#sk-container-id-9 input.sk-hidden--visually {\n",
+ " border: 0;\n",
+ " clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px);\n",
+ " clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);\n",
+ " height: 1px;\n",
+ " margin: -1px;\n",
+ " overflow: hidden;\n",
+ " padding: 0;\n",
+ " position: absolute;\n",
+ " width: 1px;\n",
+ "}\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#sk-container-id-9 div.sk-dashed-wrapped {\n",
+ " border: 1px dashed var(--sklearn-color-line);\n",
+ " margin: 0 0.4em 0.5em 0.4em;\n",
+ " box-sizing: border-box;\n",
+ " padding-bottom: 0.4em;\n",
+ " background-color: var(--sklearn-color-background);\n",
+ "}\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#sk-container-id-9 div.sk-container {\n",
+ " /* jupyter's `normalize.less` sets `[hidden] { display: none; }`\n",
+ " but bootstrap.min.css set `[hidden] { display: none !important; }`\n",
+ " so we also need the `!important` here to be able to override the\n",
+ " default hidden behavior on the sphinx rendered scikit-learn.org.\n",
+ " See: https://github.com/scikit-learn/scikit-learn/issues/21755 */\n",
+ " display: inline-block !important;\n",
+ " position: relative;\n",
+ "}\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#sk-container-id-9 div.sk-text-repr-fallback {\n",
+ " display: none;\n",
+ "}\n",
+ "\n",
+ "div.sk-parallel-item,\n",
+ "div.sk-serial,\n",
+ "div.sk-item {\n",
+ " /* draw centered vertical line to link estimators */\n",
+ " background-image: linear-gradient(var(--sklearn-color-text-on-default-background), var(--sklearn-color-text-on-default-background));\n",
+ " background-size: 2px 100%;\n",
+ " background-repeat: no-repeat;\n",
+ " background-position: center center;\n",
+ "}\n",
+ "\n",
+ "/* Parallel-specific style estimator block */\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#sk-container-id-9 div.sk-parallel-item::after {\n",
+ " content: \"\";\n",
+ " width: 100%;\n",
+ " border-bottom: 2px solid var(--sklearn-color-text-on-default-background);\n",
+ " flex-grow: 1;\n",
+ "}\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#sk-container-id-9 div.sk-parallel {\n",
+ " display: flex;\n",
+ " align-items: stretch;\n",
+ " justify-content: center;\n",
+ " background-color: var(--sklearn-color-background);\n",
+ " position: relative;\n",
+ "}\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#sk-container-id-9 div.sk-parallel-item {\n",
+ " display: flex;\n",
+ " flex-direction: column;\n",
+ "}\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#sk-container-id-9 div.sk-parallel-item:first-child::after {\n",
+ " align-self: flex-end;\n",
+ " width: 50%;\n",
+ "}\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#sk-container-id-9 div.sk-parallel-item:last-child::after {\n",
+ " align-self: flex-start;\n",
+ " width: 50%;\n",
+ "}\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#sk-container-id-9 div.sk-parallel-item:only-child::after {\n",
+ " width: 0;\n",
+ "}\n",
+ "\n",
+ "/* Serial-specific style estimator block */\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#sk-container-id-9 div.sk-serial {\n",
+ " display: flex;\n",
+ " flex-direction: column;\n",
+ " align-items: center;\n",
+ " background-color: var(--sklearn-color-background);\n",
+ " padding-right: 1em;\n",
+ " padding-left: 1em;\n",
+ "}\n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "/* Toggleable style: style used for estimator/Pipeline/ColumnTransformer box that is\n",
+ "clickable and can be expanded/collapsed.\n",
+ "- Pipeline and ColumnTransformer use this feature and define the default style\n",
+ "- Estimators will overwrite some part of the style using the `sk-estimator` class\n",
+ "*/\n",
+ "\n",
+ "/* Pipeline and ColumnTransformer style (default) */\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#sk-container-id-9 div.sk-toggleable {\n",
+ " /* Default theme specific background. It is overwritten whether we have a\n",
+ " specific estimator or a Pipeline/ColumnTransformer */\n",
+ " background-color: var(--sklearn-color-background);\n",
+ "}\n",
+ "\n",
+ "/* Toggleable label */\n",
+ "#sk-container-id-9 label.sk-toggleable__label {\n",
+ " cursor: pointer;\n",
+ " display: block;\n",
+ " width: 100%;\n",
+ " margin-bottom: 0;\n",
+ " padding: 0.5em;\n",
+ " box-sizing: border-box;\n",
+ " text-align: center;\n",
+ "}\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#sk-container-id-9 label.sk-toggleable__label-arrow:before {\n",
+ " /* Arrow on the left of the label */\n",
+ " content: \"▸\";\n",
+ " float: left;\n",
+ " margin-right: 0.25em;\n",
+ " color: var(--sklearn-color-icon);\n",
+ "}\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#sk-container-id-9 label.sk-toggleable__label-arrow:hover:before {\n",
+ " color: var(--sklearn-color-text);\n",
+ "}\n",
+ "\n",
+ "/* Toggleable content - dropdown */\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#sk-container-id-9 div.sk-toggleable__content {\n",
+ " max-height: 0;\n",
+ " max-width: 0;\n",
+ " overflow: hidden;\n",
+ " text-align: left;\n",
+ " /* unfitted */\n",
+ " background-color: var(--sklearn-color-unfitted-level-0);\n",
+ "}\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#sk-container-id-9 div.sk-toggleable__content.fitted {\n",
+ " /* fitted */\n",
+ " background-color: var(--sklearn-color-fitted-level-0);\n",
+ "}\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#sk-container-id-9 div.sk-toggleable__content pre {\n",
+ " margin: 0.2em;\n",
+ " border-radius: 0.25em;\n",
+ " color: var(--sklearn-color-text);\n",
+ " /* unfitted */\n",
+ " background-color: var(--sklearn-color-unfitted-level-0);\n",
+ "}\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#sk-container-id-9 div.sk-toggleable__content.fitted pre {\n",
+ " /* unfitted */\n",
+ " background-color: var(--sklearn-color-fitted-level-0);\n",
+ "}\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#sk-container-id-9 input.sk-toggleable__control:checked~div.sk-toggleable__content {\n",
+ " /* Expand drop-down */\n",
+ " max-height: 200px;\n",
+ " max-width: 100%;\n",
+ " overflow: auto;\n",
+ "}\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#sk-container-id-9 input.sk-toggleable__control:checked~label.sk-toggleable__label-arrow:before {\n",
+ " content: \"▾\";\n",
+ "}\n",
+ "\n",
+ "/* Pipeline/ColumnTransformer-specific style */\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#sk-container-id-9 div.sk-label input.sk-toggleable__control:checked~label.sk-toggleable__label {\n",
+ " color: var(--sklearn-color-text);\n",
+ " background-color: var(--sklearn-color-unfitted-level-2);\n",
+ "}\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#sk-container-id-9 div.sk-label.fitted input.sk-toggleable__control:checked~label.sk-toggleable__label {\n",
+ " background-color: var(--sklearn-color-fitted-level-2);\n",
+ "}\n",
+ "\n",
+ "/* Estimator-specific style */\n",
+ "\n",
+ "/* Colorize estimator box */\n",
+ "#sk-container-id-9 div.sk-estimator input.sk-toggleable__control:checked~label.sk-toggleable__label {\n",
+ " /* unfitted */\n",
+ " background-color: var(--sklearn-color-unfitted-level-2);\n",
+ "}\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#sk-container-id-9 div.sk-estimator.fitted input.sk-toggleable__control:checked~label.sk-toggleable__label {\n",
+ " /* fitted */\n",
+ " background-color: var(--sklearn-color-fitted-level-2);\n",
+ "}\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#sk-container-id-9 div.sk-label label.sk-toggleable__label,\n",
+ "#sk-container-id-9 div.sk-label label {\n",
+ " /* The background is the default theme color */\n",
+ " color: var(--sklearn-color-text-on-default-background);\n",
+ "}\n",
+ "\n",
+ "/* On hover, darken the color of the background */\n",
+ "#sk-container-id-9 div.sk-label:hover label.sk-toggleable__label {\n",
+ " color: var(--sklearn-color-text);\n",
+ " background-color: var(--sklearn-color-unfitted-level-2);\n",
+ "}\n",
+ "\n",
+ "/* Label box, darken color on hover, fitted */\n",
+ "#sk-container-id-9 div.sk-label.fitted:hover label.sk-toggleable__label.fitted {\n",
+ " color: var(--sklearn-color-text);\n",
+ " background-color: var(--sklearn-color-fitted-level-2);\n",
+ "}\n",
+ "\n",
+ "/* Estimator label */\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#sk-container-id-9 div.sk-label label {\n",
+ " font-family: monospace;\n",
+ " font-weight: bold;\n",
+ " display: inline-block;\n",
+ " line-height: 1.2em;\n",
+ "}\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#sk-container-id-9 div.sk-label-container {\n",
+ " text-align: center;\n",
+ "}\n",
+ "\n",
+ "/* Estimator-specific */\n",
+ "#sk-container-id-9 div.sk-estimator {\n",
+ " font-family: monospace;\n",
+ " border: 1px dotted var(--sklearn-color-border-box);\n",
+ " border-radius: 0.25em;\n",
+ " box-sizing: border-box;\n",
+ " margin-bottom: 0.5em;\n",
+ " /* unfitted */\n",
+ " background-color: var(--sklearn-color-unfitted-level-0);\n",
+ "}\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#sk-container-id-9 div.sk-estimator.fitted {\n",
+ " /* fitted */\n",
+ " background-color: var(--sklearn-color-fitted-level-0);\n",
+ "}\n",
+ "\n",
+ "/* on hover */\n",
+ "#sk-container-id-9 div.sk-estimator:hover {\n",
+ " /* unfitted */\n",
+ " background-color: var(--sklearn-color-unfitted-level-2);\n",
+ "}\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#sk-container-id-9 div.sk-estimator.fitted:hover {\n",
+ " /* fitted */\n",
+ " background-color: var(--sklearn-color-fitted-level-2);\n",
+ "}\n",
+ "\n",
+ "/* Specification for estimator info (e.g. \"i\" and \"?\") */\n",
+ "\n",
+ "/* Common style for \"i\" and \"?\" */\n",
+ "\n",
+ ".sk-estimator-doc-link,\n",
+ "a:link.sk-estimator-doc-link,\n",
+ "a:visited.sk-estimator-doc-link {\n",
+ " float: right;\n",
+ " font-size: smaller;\n",
+ " line-height: 1em;\n",
+ " font-family: monospace;\n",
+ " background-color: var(--sklearn-color-background);\n",
+ " border-radius: 1em;\n",
+ " height: 1em;\n",
+ " width: 1em;\n",
+ " text-decoration: none !important;\n",
+ " margin-left: 1ex;\n",
+ " /* unfitted */\n",
+ " border: var(--sklearn-color-unfitted-level-1) 1pt solid;\n",
+ " color: var(--sklearn-color-unfitted-level-1);\n",
+ "}\n",
+ "\n",
+ ".sk-estimator-doc-link.fitted,\n",
+ "a:link.sk-estimator-doc-link.fitted,\n",
+ "a:visited.sk-estimator-doc-link.fitted {\n",
+ " /* fitted */\n",
+ " border: var(--sklearn-color-fitted-level-1) 1pt solid;\n",
+ " color: var(--sklearn-color-fitted-level-1);\n",
+ "}\n",
+ "\n",
+ "/* On hover */\n",
+ "div.sk-estimator:hover .sk-estimator-doc-link:hover,\n",
+ ".sk-estimator-doc-link:hover,\n",
+ "div.sk-label-container:hover .sk-estimator-doc-link:hover,\n",
+ ".sk-estimator-doc-link:hover {\n",
+ " /* unfitted */\n",
+ " background-color: var(--sklearn-color-unfitted-level-3);\n",
+ " color: var(--sklearn-color-background);\n",
+ " text-decoration: none;\n",
+ "}\n",
+ "\n",
+ "div.sk-estimator.fitted:hover .sk-estimator-doc-link.fitted:hover,\n",
+ ".sk-estimator-doc-link.fitted:hover,\n",
+ "div.sk-label-container:hover .sk-estimator-doc-link.fitted:hover,\n",
+ ".sk-estimator-doc-link.fitted:hover {\n",
+ " /* fitted */\n",
+ " background-color: var(--sklearn-color-fitted-level-3);\n",
+ " color: var(--sklearn-color-background);\n",
+ " text-decoration: none;\n",
+ "}\n",
+ "\n",
+ "/* Span, style for the box shown on hovering the info icon */\n",
+ ".sk-estimator-doc-link span {\n",
+ " display: none;\n",
+ " z-index: 9999;\n",
+ " position: relative;\n",
+ " font-weight: normal;\n",
+ " right: .2ex;\n",
+ " padding: .5ex;\n",
+ " margin: .5ex;\n",
+ " width: min-content;\n",
+ " min-width: 20ex;\n",
+ " max-width: 50ex;\n",
+ " color: var(--sklearn-color-text);\n",
+ " box-shadow: 2pt 2pt 4pt #999;\n",
+ " /* unfitted */\n",
+ " background: var(--sklearn-color-unfitted-level-0);\n",
+ " border: .5pt solid var(--sklearn-color-unfitted-level-3);\n",
+ "}\n",
+ "\n",
+ ".sk-estimator-doc-link.fitted span {\n",
+ " /* fitted */\n",
+ " background: var(--sklearn-color-fitted-level-0);\n",
+ " border: var(--sklearn-color-fitted-level-3);\n",
+ "}\n",
+ "\n",
+ ".sk-estimator-doc-link:hover span {\n",
+ " display: block;\n",
+ "}\n",
+ "\n",
+ "/* \"?\"-specific style due to the `<a>` HTML tag */\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#sk-container-id-9 a.estimator_doc_link {\n",
+ " float: right;\n",
+ " font-size: 1rem;\n",
+ " line-height: 1em;\n",
+ " font-family: monospace;\n",
+ " background-color: var(--sklearn-color-background);\n",
+ " border-radius: 1rem;\n",
+ " height: 1rem;\n",
+ " width: 1rem;\n",
+ " text-decoration: none;\n",
+ " /* unfitted */\n",
+ " color: var(--sklearn-color-unfitted-level-1);\n",
+ " border: var(--sklearn-color-unfitted-level-1) 1pt solid;\n",
+ "}\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#sk-container-id-9 a.estimator_doc_link.fitted {\n",
+ " /* fitted */\n",
+ " border: var(--sklearn-color-fitted-level-1) 1pt solid;\n",
+ " color: var(--sklearn-color-fitted-level-1);\n",
+ "}\n",
+ "\n",
+ "/* On hover */\n",
+ "#sk-container-id-9 a.estimator_doc_link:hover {\n",
+ " /* unfitted */\n",
+ " background-color: var(--sklearn-color-unfitted-level-3);\n",
+ " color: var(--sklearn-color-background);\n",
+ " text-decoration: none;\n",
+ "}\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#sk-container-id-9 a.estimator_doc_link.fitted:hover {\n",
+ " /* fitted */\n",
+ " background-color: var(--sklearn-color-fitted-level-3);\n",
+ "}\n",
+ "</style><div id=\"sk-container-id-9\" class=\"sk-top-container\"><div class=\"sk-text-repr-fallback\"><pre>VotingClassifier(estimators=[('lr', LogisticRegression(random_state=42)),\n",
+ " ('rf', RandomForestClassifier(random_state=42)),\n",
+ " ('svc', SVC(probability=True, random_state=42))],\n",
+ " voting='soft')</pre><b>In a Jupyter environment, please rerun this cell to show the HTML representation or trust the notebook. <br />On GitHub, the HTML representation is unable to render, please try loading this page with nbviewer.org.</b></div><div class=\"sk-container\" hidden><div class=\"sk-item sk-dashed-wrapped\"><div class=\"sk-label-container\"><div class=\"sk-label fitted sk-toggleable\"><input class=\"sk-toggleable__control sk-hidden--visually\" id=\"sk-estimator-id-32\" type=\"checkbox\" ><label for=\"sk-estimator-id-32\" class=\"sk-toggleable__label fitted sk-toggleable__label-arrow fitted\"> VotingClassifier<a class=\"sk-estimator-doc-link fitted\" rel=\"noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://scikit-learn.org/1.4/modules/generated/sklearn.ensemble.VotingClassifier.html\">?<span>Documentation for VotingClassifier</span></a><span class=\"sk-estimator-doc-link fitted\">i<span>Fitted</span></span></label><div class=\"sk-toggleable__content fitted\"><pre>VotingClassifier(estimators=[('lr', LogisticRegression(random_state=42)),\n",
+ " ('rf', RandomForestClassifier(random_state=42)),\n",
+ " ('svc', SVC(probability=True, random_state=42))],\n",
+ " voting='soft')</pre></div> </div></div><div class=\"sk-parallel\"><div class=\"sk-parallel-item\"><div class=\"sk-item\"><div class=\"sk-label-container\"><div class=\"sk-label fitted sk-toggleable\"><label>lr</label></div></div><div class=\"sk-serial\"><div class=\"sk-item\"><div class=\"sk-estimator fitted sk-toggleable\"><input class=\"sk-toggleable__control sk-hidden--visually\" id=\"sk-estimator-id-33\" type=\"checkbox\" ><label for=\"sk-estimator-id-33\" class=\"sk-toggleable__label fitted sk-toggleable__label-arrow fitted\"> LogisticRegression<a class=\"sk-estimator-doc-link fitted\" rel=\"noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://scikit-learn.org/1.4/modules/generated/sklearn.linear_model.LogisticRegression.html\">?<span>Documentation for LogisticRegression</span></a></label><div class=\"sk-toggleable__content fitted\"><pre>LogisticRegression(random_state=42)</pre></div> </div></div></div></div></div><div class=\"sk-parallel-item\"><div class=\"sk-item\"><div class=\"sk-label-container\"><div class=\"sk-label fitted sk-toggleable\"><label>rf</label></div></div><div class=\"sk-serial\"><div class=\"sk-item\"><div class=\"sk-estimator fitted sk-toggleable\"><input class=\"sk-toggleable__control sk-hidden--visually\" id=\"sk-estimator-id-34\" type=\"checkbox\" ><label for=\"sk-estimator-id-34\" class=\"sk-toggleable__label fitted sk-toggleable__label-arrow fitted\"> RandomForestClassifier<a class=\"sk-estimator-doc-link fitted\" rel=\"noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://scikit-learn.org/1.4/modules/generated/sklearn.ensemble.RandomForestClassifier.html\">?<span>Documentation for RandomForestClassifier</span></a></label><div class=\"sk-toggleable__content fitted\"><pre>RandomForestClassifier(random_state=42)</pre></div> </div></div></div></div></div><div class=\"sk-parallel-item\"><div class=\"sk-item\"><div class=\"sk-label-container\"><div class=\"sk-label fitted sk-toggleable\"><label>svc</label></div></div><div class=\"sk-serial\"><div class=\"sk-item\"><div class=\"sk-estimator fitted sk-toggleable\"><input class=\"sk-toggleable__control sk-hidden--visually\" id=\"sk-estimator-id-35\" type=\"checkbox\" ><label for=\"sk-estimator-id-35\" class=\"sk-toggleable__label fitted sk-toggleable__label-arrow fitted\"> SVC<a class=\"sk-estimator-doc-link fitted\" rel=\"noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://scikit-learn.org/1.4/modules/generated/sklearn.svm.SVC.html\">?<span>Documentation for SVC</span></a></label><div class=\"sk-toggleable__content fitted\"><pre>SVC(probability=True, random_state=42)</pre></div> </div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div>"
+ ],
+ "text/plain": [
+ "VotingClassifier(estimators=[('lr', LogisticRegression(random_state=42)),\n",
+ " ('rf', RandomForestClassifier(random_state=42)),\n",
+ " ('svc', SVC(probability=True, random_state=42))],\n",
+ " voting='soft')"
+ ]
+ },
+ "execution_count": 48,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "output_type": "execute_result"
+ }
+ ],
+ "source": [
+ "# Same thing, but adding soft voting to average probabilities\n",
+ "# from each output. Also, need to specify the svc estimator to use\n",
+ "# probabilistic outputs instead of binary like svcs normally do. \n",
+ "\n",
+ "voting_clf.voting = 'soft'\n",
+ "voting_clf.named_estimators['svc'].probability = True\n",
+ "voting_clf.fit(X_train, y_train)"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": 49,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "data": {
+ "text/plain": [
+ "0.92"
+ ]
+ },
+ "execution_count": 49,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "output_type": "execute_result"
+ }
+ ],
+ "source": [
+ "voting_clf.score(X_test, y_test)"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": 50,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "data": {
+ "text/html": [
+ "<style>#sk-container-id-10 {\n",
+ " /* Definition of color scheme common for light and dark mode */\n",
+ " --sklearn-color-text: black;\n",
+ " --sklearn-color-line: gray;\n",
+ " /* Definition of color scheme for unfitted estimators */\n",
+ " --sklearn-color-unfitted-level-0: #fff5e6;\n",
+ " --sklearn-color-unfitted-level-1: #f6e4d2;\n",
+ " --sklearn-color-unfitted-level-2: #ffe0b3;\n",
+ " --sklearn-color-unfitted-level-3: chocolate;\n",
+ " /* Definition of color scheme for fitted estimators */\n",
+ " --sklearn-color-fitted-level-0: #f0f8ff;\n",
+ " --sklearn-color-fitted-level-1: #d4ebff;\n",
+ " --sklearn-color-fitted-level-2: #b3dbfd;\n",
+ " --sklearn-color-fitted-level-3: cornflowerblue;\n",
+ "\n",
+ " /* Specific color for light theme */\n",
+ " --sklearn-color-text-on-default-background: var(--sg-text-color, var(--theme-code-foreground, var(--jp-content-font-color1, black)));\n",
+ " --sklearn-color-background: var(--sg-background-color, var(--theme-background, var(--jp-layout-color0, white)));\n",
+ " --sklearn-color-border-box: var(--sg-text-color, var(--theme-code-foreground, var(--jp-content-font-color1, black)));\n",
+ " --sklearn-color-icon: #696969;\n",
+ "\n",
+ " @media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {\n",
+ " /* Redefinition of color scheme for dark theme */\n",
+ " --sklearn-color-text-on-default-background: var(--sg-text-color, var(--theme-code-foreground, var(--jp-content-font-color1, white)));\n",
+ " --sklearn-color-background: var(--sg-background-color, var(--theme-background, var(--jp-layout-color0, #111)));\n",
+ " --sklearn-color-border-box: var(--sg-text-color, var(--theme-code-foreground, var(--jp-content-font-color1, white)));\n",
+ " --sklearn-color-icon: #878787;\n",
+ " }\n",
+ "}\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#sk-container-id-10 {\n",
+ " color: var(--sklearn-color-text);\n",
+ "}\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#sk-container-id-10 pre {\n",
+ " padding: 0;\n",
+ "}\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#sk-container-id-10 input.sk-hidden--visually {\n",
+ " border: 0;\n",
+ " clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px);\n",
+ " clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);\n",
+ " height: 1px;\n",
+ " margin: -1px;\n",
+ " overflow: hidden;\n",
+ " padding: 0;\n",
+ " position: absolute;\n",
+ " width: 1px;\n",
+ "}\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#sk-container-id-10 div.sk-dashed-wrapped {\n",
+ " border: 1px dashed var(--sklearn-color-line);\n",
+ " margin: 0 0.4em 0.5em 0.4em;\n",
+ " box-sizing: border-box;\n",
+ " padding-bottom: 0.4em;\n",
+ " background-color: var(--sklearn-color-background);\n",
+ "}\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#sk-container-id-10 div.sk-container {\n",
+ " /* jupyter's `normalize.less` sets `[hidden] { display: none; }`\n",
+ " but bootstrap.min.css set `[hidden] { display: none !important; }`\n",
+ " so we also need the `!important` here to be able to override the\n",
+ " default hidden behavior on the sphinx rendered scikit-learn.org.\n",
+ " See: https://github.com/scikit-learn/scikit-learn/issues/21755 */\n",
+ " display: inline-block !important;\n",
+ " position: relative;\n",
+ "}\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#sk-container-id-10 div.sk-text-repr-fallback {\n",
+ " display: none;\n",
+ "}\n",
+ "\n",
+ "div.sk-parallel-item,\n",
+ "div.sk-serial,\n",
+ "div.sk-item {\n",
+ " /* draw centered vertical line to link estimators */\n",
+ " background-image: linear-gradient(var(--sklearn-color-text-on-default-background), var(--sklearn-color-text-on-default-background));\n",
+ " background-size: 2px 100%;\n",
+ " background-repeat: no-repeat;\n",
+ " background-position: center center;\n",
+ "}\n",
+ "\n",
+ "/* Parallel-specific style estimator block */\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#sk-container-id-10 div.sk-parallel-item::after {\n",
+ " content: \"\";\n",
+ " width: 100%;\n",
+ " border-bottom: 2px solid var(--sklearn-color-text-on-default-background);\n",
+ " flex-grow: 1;\n",
+ "}\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#sk-container-id-10 div.sk-parallel {\n",
+ " display: flex;\n",
+ " align-items: stretch;\n",
+ " justify-content: center;\n",
+ " background-color: var(--sklearn-color-background);\n",
+ " position: relative;\n",
+ "}\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#sk-container-id-10 div.sk-parallel-item {\n",
+ " display: flex;\n",
+ " flex-direction: column;\n",
+ "}\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#sk-container-id-10 div.sk-parallel-item:first-child::after {\n",
+ " align-self: flex-end;\n",
+ " width: 50%;\n",
+ "}\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#sk-container-id-10 div.sk-parallel-item:last-child::after {\n",
+ " align-self: flex-start;\n",
+ " width: 50%;\n",
+ "}\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#sk-container-id-10 div.sk-parallel-item:only-child::after {\n",
+ " width: 0;\n",
+ "}\n",
+ "\n",
+ "/* Serial-specific style estimator block */\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#sk-container-id-10 div.sk-serial {\n",
+ " display: flex;\n",
+ " flex-direction: column;\n",
+ " align-items: center;\n",
+ " background-color: var(--sklearn-color-background);\n",
+ " padding-right: 1em;\n",
+ " padding-left: 1em;\n",
+ "}\n",
+ "\n",
+ "\n",
+ "/* Toggleable style: style used for estimator/Pipeline/ColumnTransformer box that is\n",
+ "clickable and can be expanded/collapsed.\n",
+ "- Pipeline and ColumnTransformer use this feature and define the default style\n",
+ "- Estimators will overwrite some part of the style using the `sk-estimator` class\n",
+ "*/\n",
+ "\n",
+ "/* Pipeline and ColumnTransformer style (default) */\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#sk-container-id-10 div.sk-toggleable {\n",
+ " /* Default theme specific background. It is overwritten whether we have a\n",
+ " specific estimator or a Pipeline/ColumnTransformer */\n",
+ " background-color: var(--sklearn-color-background);\n",
+ "}\n",
+ "\n",
+ "/* Toggleable label */\n",
+ "#sk-container-id-10 label.sk-toggleable__label {\n",
+ " cursor: pointer;\n",
+ " display: block;\n",
+ " width: 100%;\n",
+ " margin-bottom: 0;\n",
+ " padding: 0.5em;\n",
+ " box-sizing: border-box;\n",
+ " text-align: center;\n",
+ "}\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#sk-container-id-10 label.sk-toggleable__label-arrow:before {\n",
+ " /* Arrow on the left of the label */\n",
+ " content: \"▸\";\n",
+ " float: left;\n",
+ " margin-right: 0.25em;\n",
+ " color: var(--sklearn-color-icon);\n",
+ "}\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#sk-container-id-10 label.sk-toggleable__label-arrow:hover:before {\n",
+ " color: var(--sklearn-color-text);\n",
+ "}\n",
+ "\n",
+ "/* Toggleable content - dropdown */\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#sk-container-id-10 div.sk-toggleable__content {\n",
+ " max-height: 0;\n",
+ " max-width: 0;\n",
+ " overflow: hidden;\n",
+ " text-align: left;\n",
+ " /* unfitted */\n",
+ " background-color: var(--sklearn-color-unfitted-level-0);\n",
+ "}\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#sk-container-id-10 div.sk-toggleable__content.fitted {\n",
+ " /* fitted */\n",
+ " background-color: var(--sklearn-color-fitted-level-0);\n",
+ "}\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#sk-container-id-10 div.sk-toggleable__content pre {\n",
+ " margin: 0.2em;\n",
+ " border-radius: 0.25em;\n",
+ " color: var(--sklearn-color-text);\n",
+ " /* unfitted */\n",
+ " background-color: var(--sklearn-color-unfitted-level-0);\n",
+ "}\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#sk-container-id-10 div.sk-toggleable__content.fitted pre {\n",
+ " /* unfitted */\n",
+ " background-color: var(--sklearn-color-fitted-level-0);\n",
+ "}\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#sk-container-id-10 input.sk-toggleable__control:checked~div.sk-toggleable__content {\n",
+ " /* Expand drop-down */\n",
+ " max-height: 200px;\n",
+ " max-width: 100%;\n",
+ " overflow: auto;\n",
+ "}\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#sk-container-id-10 input.sk-toggleable__control:checked~label.sk-toggleable__label-arrow:before {\n",
+ " content: \"▾\";\n",
+ "}\n",
+ "\n",
+ "/* Pipeline/ColumnTransformer-specific style */\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#sk-container-id-10 div.sk-label input.sk-toggleable__control:checked~label.sk-toggleable__label {\n",
+ " color: var(--sklearn-color-text);\n",
+ " background-color: var(--sklearn-color-unfitted-level-2);\n",
+ "}\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#sk-container-id-10 div.sk-label.fitted input.sk-toggleable__control:checked~label.sk-toggleable__label {\n",
+ " background-color: var(--sklearn-color-fitted-level-2);\n",
+ "}\n",
+ "\n",
+ "/* Estimator-specific style */\n",
+ "\n",
+ "/* Colorize estimator box */\n",
+ "#sk-container-id-10 div.sk-estimator input.sk-toggleable__control:checked~label.sk-toggleable__label {\n",
+ " /* unfitted */\n",
+ " background-color: var(--sklearn-color-unfitted-level-2);\n",
+ "}\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#sk-container-id-10 div.sk-estimator.fitted input.sk-toggleable__control:checked~label.sk-toggleable__label {\n",
+ " /* fitted */\n",
+ " background-color: var(--sklearn-color-fitted-level-2);\n",
+ "}\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#sk-container-id-10 div.sk-label label.sk-toggleable__label,\n",
+ "#sk-container-id-10 div.sk-label label {\n",
+ " /* The background is the default theme color */\n",
+ " color: var(--sklearn-color-text-on-default-background);\n",
+ "}\n",
+ "\n",
+ "/* On hover, darken the color of the background */\n",
+ "#sk-container-id-10 div.sk-label:hover label.sk-toggleable__label {\n",
+ " color: var(--sklearn-color-text);\n",
+ " background-color: var(--sklearn-color-unfitted-level-2);\n",
+ "}\n",
+ "\n",
+ "/* Label box, darken color on hover, fitted */\n",
+ "#sk-container-id-10 div.sk-label.fitted:hover label.sk-toggleable__label.fitted {\n",
+ " color: var(--sklearn-color-text);\n",
+ " background-color: var(--sklearn-color-fitted-level-2);\n",
+ "}\n",
+ "\n",
+ "/* Estimator label */\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#sk-container-id-10 div.sk-label label {\n",
+ " font-family: monospace;\n",
+ " font-weight: bold;\n",
+ " display: inline-block;\n",
+ " line-height: 1.2em;\n",
+ "}\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#sk-container-id-10 div.sk-label-container {\n",
+ " text-align: center;\n",
+ "}\n",
+ "\n",
+ "/* Estimator-specific */\n",
+ "#sk-container-id-10 div.sk-estimator {\n",
+ " font-family: monospace;\n",
+ " border: 1px dotted var(--sklearn-color-border-box);\n",
+ " border-radius: 0.25em;\n",
+ " box-sizing: border-box;\n",
+ " margin-bottom: 0.5em;\n",
+ " /* unfitted */\n",
+ " background-color: var(--sklearn-color-unfitted-level-0);\n",
+ "}\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#sk-container-id-10 div.sk-estimator.fitted {\n",
+ " /* fitted */\n",
+ " background-color: var(--sklearn-color-fitted-level-0);\n",
+ "}\n",
+ "\n",
+ "/* on hover */\n",
+ "#sk-container-id-10 div.sk-estimator:hover {\n",
+ " /* unfitted */\n",
+ " background-color: var(--sklearn-color-unfitted-level-2);\n",
+ "}\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#sk-container-id-10 div.sk-estimator.fitted:hover {\n",
+ " /* fitted */\n",
+ " background-color: var(--sklearn-color-fitted-level-2);\n",
+ "}\n",
+ "\n",
+ "/* Specification for estimator info (e.g. \"i\" and \"?\") */\n",
+ "\n",
+ "/* Common style for \"i\" and \"?\" */\n",
+ "\n",
+ ".sk-estimator-doc-link,\n",
+ "a:link.sk-estimator-doc-link,\n",
+ "a:visited.sk-estimator-doc-link {\n",
+ " float: right;\n",
+ " font-size: smaller;\n",
+ " line-height: 1em;\n",
+ " font-family: monospace;\n",
+ " background-color: var(--sklearn-color-background);\n",
+ " border-radius: 1em;\n",
+ " height: 1em;\n",
+ " width: 1em;\n",
+ " text-decoration: none !important;\n",
+ " margin-left: 1ex;\n",
+ " /* unfitted */\n",
+ " border: var(--sklearn-color-unfitted-level-1) 1pt solid;\n",
+ " color: var(--sklearn-color-unfitted-level-1);\n",
+ "}\n",
+ "\n",
+ ".sk-estimator-doc-link.fitted,\n",
+ "a:link.sk-estimator-doc-link.fitted,\n",
+ "a:visited.sk-estimator-doc-link.fitted {\n",
+ " /* fitted */\n",
+ " border: var(--sklearn-color-fitted-level-1) 1pt solid;\n",
+ " color: var(--sklearn-color-fitted-level-1);\n",
+ "}\n",
+ "\n",
+ "/* On hover */\n",
+ "div.sk-estimator:hover .sk-estimator-doc-link:hover,\n",
+ ".sk-estimator-doc-link:hover,\n",
+ "div.sk-label-container:hover .sk-estimator-doc-link:hover,\n",
+ ".sk-estimator-doc-link:hover {\n",
+ " /* unfitted */\n",
+ " background-color: var(--sklearn-color-unfitted-level-3);\n",
+ " color: var(--sklearn-color-background);\n",
+ " text-decoration: none;\n",
+ "}\n",
+ "\n",
+ "div.sk-estimator.fitted:hover .sk-estimator-doc-link.fitted:hover,\n",
+ ".sk-estimator-doc-link.fitted:hover,\n",
+ "div.sk-label-container:hover .sk-estimator-doc-link.fitted:hover,\n",
+ ".sk-estimator-doc-link.fitted:hover {\n",
+ " /* fitted */\n",
+ " background-color: var(--sklearn-color-fitted-level-3);\n",
+ " color: var(--sklearn-color-background);\n",
+ " text-decoration: none;\n",
+ "}\n",
+ "\n",
+ "/* Span, style for the box shown on hovering the info icon */\n",
+ ".sk-estimator-doc-link span {\n",
+ " display: none;\n",
+ " z-index: 9999;\n",
+ " position: relative;\n",
+ " font-weight: normal;\n",
+ " right: .2ex;\n",
+ " padding: .5ex;\n",
+ " margin: .5ex;\n",
+ " width: min-content;\n",
+ " min-width: 20ex;\n",
+ " max-width: 50ex;\n",
+ " color: var(--sklearn-color-text);\n",
+ " box-shadow: 2pt 2pt 4pt #999;\n",
+ " /* unfitted */\n",
+ " background: var(--sklearn-color-unfitted-level-0);\n",
+ " border: .5pt solid var(--sklearn-color-unfitted-level-3);\n",
+ "}\n",
+ "\n",
+ ".sk-estimator-doc-link.fitted span {\n",
+ " /* fitted */\n",
+ " background: var(--sklearn-color-fitted-level-0);\n",
+ " border: var(--sklearn-color-fitted-level-3);\n",
+ "}\n",
+ "\n",
+ ".sk-estimator-doc-link:hover span {\n",
+ " display: block;\n",
+ "}\n",
+ "\n",
+ "/* \"?\"-specific style due to the `<a>` HTML tag */\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#sk-container-id-10 a.estimator_doc_link {\n",
+ " float: right;\n",
+ " font-size: 1rem;\n",
+ " line-height: 1em;\n",
+ " font-family: monospace;\n",
+ " background-color: var(--sklearn-color-background);\n",
+ " border-radius: 1rem;\n",
+ " height: 1rem;\n",
+ " width: 1rem;\n",
+ " text-decoration: none;\n",
+ " /* unfitted */\n",
+ " color: var(--sklearn-color-unfitted-level-1);\n",
+ " border: var(--sklearn-color-unfitted-level-1) 1pt solid;\n",
+ "}\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#sk-container-id-10 a.estimator_doc_link.fitted {\n",
+ " /* fitted */\n",
+ " border: var(--sklearn-color-fitted-level-1) 1pt solid;\n",
+ " color: var(--sklearn-color-fitted-level-1);\n",
+ "}\n",
+ "\n",
+ "/* On hover */\n",
+ "#sk-container-id-10 a.estimator_doc_link:hover {\n",
+ " /* unfitted */\n",
+ " background-color: var(--sklearn-color-unfitted-level-3);\n",
+ " color: var(--sklearn-color-background);\n",
+ " text-decoration: none;\n",
+ "}\n",
+ "\n",
+ "#sk-container-id-10 a.estimator_doc_link.fitted:hover {\n",
+ " /* fitted */\n",
+ " background-color: var(--sklearn-color-fitted-level-3);\n",
+ "}\n",
+ "</style><div id=\"sk-container-id-10\" class=\"sk-top-container\"><div class=\"sk-text-repr-fallback\"><pre>BaggingClassifier(estimator=DecisionTreeClassifier(), max_samples=100,\n",
+ " n_estimators=500, n_jobs=-1, random_state=10)</pre><b>In a Jupyter environment, please rerun this cell to show the HTML representation or trust the notebook. <br />On GitHub, the HTML representation is unable to render, please try loading this page with nbviewer.org.</b></div><div class=\"sk-container\" hidden><div class=\"sk-item sk-dashed-wrapped\"><div class=\"sk-label-container\"><div class=\"sk-label fitted sk-toggleable\"><input class=\"sk-toggleable__control sk-hidden--visually\" id=\"sk-estimator-id-36\" type=\"checkbox\" ><label for=\"sk-estimator-id-36\" class=\"sk-toggleable__label fitted sk-toggleable__label-arrow fitted\"> BaggingClassifier<a class=\"sk-estimator-doc-link fitted\" rel=\"noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://scikit-learn.org/1.4/modules/generated/sklearn.ensemble.BaggingClassifier.html\">?<span>Documentation for BaggingClassifier</span></a><span class=\"sk-estimator-doc-link fitted\">i<span>Fitted</span></span></label><div class=\"sk-toggleable__content fitted\"><pre>BaggingClassifier(estimator=DecisionTreeClassifier(), max_samples=100,\n",
+ " n_estimators=500, n_jobs=-1, random_state=10)</pre></div> </div></div><div class=\"sk-parallel\"><div class=\"sk-parallel-item\"><div class=\"sk-item\"><div class=\"sk-label-container\"><div class=\"sk-label fitted sk-toggleable\"><input class=\"sk-toggleable__control sk-hidden--visually\" id=\"sk-estimator-id-37\" type=\"checkbox\" ><label for=\"sk-estimator-id-37\" class=\"sk-toggleable__label fitted sk-toggleable__label-arrow fitted\">estimator: DecisionTreeClassifier</label><div class=\"sk-toggleable__content fitted\"><pre>DecisionTreeClassifier()</pre></div> </div></div><div class=\"sk-serial\"><div class=\"sk-item\"><div class=\"sk-estimator fitted sk-toggleable\"><input class=\"sk-toggleable__control sk-hidden--visually\" id=\"sk-estimator-id-38\" type=\"checkbox\" ><label for=\"sk-estimator-id-38\" class=\"sk-toggleable__label fitted sk-toggleable__label-arrow fitted\"> DecisionTreeClassifier<a class=\"sk-estimator-doc-link fitted\" rel=\"noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://scikit-learn.org/1.4/modules/generated/sklearn.tree.DecisionTreeClassifier.html\">?<span>Documentation for DecisionTreeClassifier</span></a></label><div class=\"sk-toggleable__content fitted\"><pre>DecisionTreeClassifier()</pre></div> </div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div>"
+ ],
+ "text/plain": [
+ "BaggingClassifier(estimator=DecisionTreeClassifier(), max_samples=100,\n",
+ " n_estimators=500, n_jobs=-1, random_state=10)"
+ ]
+ },
+ "execution_count": 50,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "output_type": "execute_result"
+ }
+ ],
+ "source": [
+ "# Bagging (voting) classifier using decision trees.\n",
+ "\n",
+ "# Bagging classifier by default uses soft voting when the underlying\n",
+ "# model can output probabilities which decision trees can.\n",
+ "\n",
+ "from sklearn.ensemble import BaggingClassifier\n",
+ "from sklearn.tree import DecisionTreeClassifier\n",
+ "\n",
+ "bag_clf = BaggingClassifier(DecisionTreeClassifier(), n_estimators=500, max_samples=100, n_jobs=-1,random_state=10)\n",
+ "bag_clf.fit(X_train, y_train)"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": 51,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "data": {
+ "text/plain": [
+ "0.92"
+ ]
+ },
+ "execution_count": 51,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "output_type": "execute_result"
+ }
+ ],
+ "source": [
+ "# Same as before. Nice\n",
+ "\n",
+ "bag_clf.score(X_test,y_test)"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": 52,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "data": {
+ "text/plain": [
+ "0.8986666666666666"
+ ]
+ },
+ "execution_count": 52,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "output_type": "execute_result"
+ }
+ ],
+ "source": [
+ "# Train and then validate predictors on their out of bag samples.\n",
+ "\n",
+ "bag_clf = BaggingClassifier(DecisionTreeClassifier(), n_estimators=500, oob_score=True, n_jobs=-1, random_state=10)\n",
+ "\n",
+ "bag_clf.fit(X_train, y_train)\n",
+ "bag_clf.oob_score_"
+ ]
+ },
+ {
+ "cell_type": "code",
+ "execution_count": 53,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "outputs": [
+ {
+ "data": {
+ "text/plain": [
+ "0.896"
+ ]
+ },
+ "execution_count": 53,
+ "metadata": {},
+ "output_type": "execute_result"
+ }
+ ],
+ "source": [
+ "from sklearn.metrics import accuracy_score\n",
+ "y_pred = bag_clf.predict(X_test)\n",
+ "accuracy_score(y_test,y_pred)"
+ ]
+ }
+ ],
+ "metadata": {
+ "kernelspec": {
+ "display_name": "notebook",
+ "language": "python",
+ "name": "notebook"
+ },
+ "language_info": {
+ "codemirror_mode": {
+ "name": "ipython",
+ "version": 3
+ },
+ "file_extension": ".py",
+ "mimetype": "text/x-python",
+ "name": "python",
+ "nbconvert_exporter": "python",
+ "pygments_lexer": "ipython3",
+ "version": "3.11.2"
+ }
+ },
+ "nbformat": 4,
+ "nbformat_minor": 2
+}
